A rose is a perennial flower shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species. The species form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp thorns. Most are native to Asia, with smaller numbers of species native to Europe, North America, and northwest Africa. Natives, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and fragrance.
The rose has always been valued for its beauty and has a long history
of symbolism. The ancient Greeks and Romans identified the rose with
their goddesses of love referred to as Aphrodite and Venus. In Rome a
wild rose would be placed on the door of a room where secret or
confidential matters were discussed. The phrase sub rosa, or "under the
rose", means to keep a secret — derived from this ancient Roman
practice.
Early Christians identified the five petals of the rose with the five
wounds of Christ. Despite this interpretation, their leaders were
hesitant to adopt it because of its association with Roman excesses and
pagan ritual. The red rose was eventually adopted as a symbol of the
blood of the Christian martyrs. Roses also later came to be associated
with the Virgin Mary.
Rose culture came into its own in Europe in the 1800s with the
introduction of perpetual blooming roses from China. There are currently
thousands of varieties of roses developed for bloom shape, size,
fragrance and even for lack of prickles.